개방성과 고려, 그리고 현재의 동아시아 (Openness of Goryeo, and East Asia)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중세사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국중세사연구 / 42호 / 9 ~ 46페이지
· 저자명 : 안병우

초록

The Goryeo Kingdom is well known for its openness. The openness has mainly been focused on its foreign, or external interchanges, however, its internal openness is important as well. Being the basis for diversity and reform, openness, especially of its external outcomes sometimes works as a driving force for internal reform. However, symmetry is not always working between internal and external characteristics of openness.
Goryeo openness varies in periods. In the first half of the kingdom, it benefitted itself through positive exchanges with many countries in China, and eventually was able to carry out the internal reforms. The introduction of the Civil Service Exam makes a representative case. The literary men with Confucian background recruited through the exam system have become the backbones of the civil functionaries dominant bureaucracy. In the mid period, though the internal openness was reduced as the results of the ideological confrontation between the noble family groups and the rising powers, the interchanges with the Song Dynasty was nonetheless active. In the military rule period, the war against the Mongol forced the kingdom to reduced the range of the external openness, however, it witnessed an unprecedented phenomenon that a slave very close to a military ruler assumed public office. The period of the Mongol intervention saw the unrivaled enlargement of external openness. Internally the period saw the advance of a new ruling class with a low status background. Neo-Confucianism, made its way to Korea in the period was at odds with Buddhism which had enjoyed the status of the state religion and the dominant ideology also. As the result of the founding of the Joseon Dynasty for which the Neo-Confucian scholar officials had a great role, the diversity of religion and thought was extremely reduced.
Openness plays an important role in East Asia these days. Korea, China, and Japan all claim to advocate openness. Especially, ever since the proclamation of the reform and openness in the late 1970s, China has enjoyed a rapid development, joining the second place in GDP ranking, in which Korea occupies the 13th place. Korea, having a strong economic ties with China and Japan, has a high degree of openness to the extent that more than half of its GDP comes from export. However, in the indexes of democracy, press freedom, transparency, and the public information rate which are critical in evaluating the degree of openness of a country, the three countries show a big differences. Particularly China reveals a great asymmetry between the internal reform and the external economic opening. The index of press freedom in Korea and Japan has been deteriorated. The road for a mature open society should be based on a more internal openness.

영어초록

The Goryeo Kingdom is well known for its openness. The openness has mainly been focused on its foreign, or external interchanges, however, its internal openness is important as well. Being the basis for diversity and reform, openness, especially of its external outcomes sometimes works as a driving force for internal reform. However, symmetry is not always working between internal and external characteristics of openness.
Goryeo openness varies in periods. In the first half of the kingdom, it benefitted itself through positive exchanges with many countries in China, and eventually was able to carry out the internal reforms. The introduction of the Civil Service Exam makes a representative case. The literary men with Confucian background recruited through the exam system have become the backbones of the civil functionaries dominant bureaucracy. In the mid period, though the internal openness was reduced as the results of the ideological confrontation between the noble family groups and the rising powers, the interchanges with the Song Dynasty was nonetheless active. In the military rule period, the war against the Mongol forced the kingdom to reduced the range of the external openness, however, it witnessed an unprecedented phenomenon that a slave very close to a military ruler assumed public office. The period of the Mongol intervention saw the unrivaled enlargement of external openness. Internally the period saw the advance of a new ruling class with a low status background. Neo-Confucianism, made its way to Korea in the period was at odds with Buddhism which had enjoyed the status of the state religion and the dominant ideology also. As the result of the founding of the Joseon Dynasty for which the Neo-Confucian scholar officials had a great role, the diversity of religion and thought was extremely reduced.
Openness plays an important role in East Asia these days. Korea, China, and Japan all claim to advocate openness. Especially, ever since the proclamation of the reform and openness in the late 1970s, China has enjoyed a rapid development, joining the second place in GDP ranking, in which Korea occupies the 13th place. Korea, having a strong economic ties with China and Japan, has a high degree of openness to the extent that more than half of its GDP comes from export. However, in the indexes of democracy, press freedom, transparency, and the public information rate which are critical in evaluating the degree of openness of a country, the three countries show a big differences. Particularly China reveals a great asymmetry between the internal reform and the external economic opening. The index of press freedom in Korea and Japan has been deteriorated. The road for a mature open society should be based on a more internal openness.

참고자료

· 없음