용성과 봉암의 『금강경』 번역에 대한 비교 고찰 (A comparative study of translation about Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Yongsung-Jinjong & Bongam-Wolju)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대각사상연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 대각사상 / 26호 / 65 ~ 110페이지
· 저자명 : 김호귀

초록

한국의 근현대에 『금강경』에 대하여 우리말 번역을 시도한 사람들 가운데서 용성진종 선사와 봉암 변월주 스님의 경우를 비교하면서 고찰하였다. 용성의 경우는 3회에 걸쳐 번역을 시도하였다. 제1번역본은 『신역대장금강마하반야바라밀경』이고, 제2번역본은 『상역과해금강경』이며, 제3번역본은 『신역대장경』이다. 봉암의 경우는 『금강반야바라밀경강의』이다. 이들 두 사람의 번역을 통하여 몇 가지 주제에 의하여 그 견해를 살펴보고 비교해보았다.
하나, 용성은 3종의 번역본을 통하여 구성에 대하여 기존의 32분과에 의거하면서도 나름대로 분과를 조정하였음에 비하여, 봉암은 구성을 비롯하여 각 단락의 해설에 대해서도 철저하게 32분과에 근거하여 각각 주석과 해설을 가하였다.
둘, 경전의 대의에 대해서 용성은 집착과 의심을 타파하여 믿음으로써 깨달음에 들어가는 것으로 요약된다. 봉암은 삼종반야를 통하여 미혹과 집착을 타파하고 불법의 인과를 성취하는 것으로 요약된다. 그리고 제명에 대해서는 대동소이하다.
셋, 경전의 내용에서 사상과 사견에 대해서 용성의 경우는 대체적으로 경문의 양분 분과에 의거하여 사상⋅사견, 추혹⋅세혹, 아집⋅법집의 구조로 요약된다. 그러나 봉암의 경우는 사상은 대치해야 할 번뇌의 입장으로 논의하고, 사견의 경우는 깨달음으로 지향해야 할 향상의 입장으로 논의하고 있다.
넷, 각각 인용한 경론에 대해서 용성의 경우 제1번역본은 거의가 『금강경』과 직접적으로 관련된 것이고, 제2번역본의 경우 철저하게 불립문자의 선적인 모습이었으며, 제3번역본의 경우 비교적 다양한 인용문헌을 보여주고 있다. 한편 봉암의 경우에는 용성의 제1번역본의 경우처럼 『금강경』과 직접적으로 관련된 인용문헌이 주를 이루고 있다.

영어초록

Yongsung-Jinjong & Bongam-Wolju are seon master and doctrin master each other modern age in Korea. They translated the Chines letters Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra into the Korean alphabet ; Hangŭl.
Yongsung translated third times which Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Kumarajiva.
The first work of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra is Shinyeok - daejang - gumgang - maha - banyabaramil - kyeong. This work was made of three parts. First part is the whole idea of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Yongsung himself. Second part is the explain for theme of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Hamhue. Third part is the body of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra. And Third part was made of four sections. First section is the thirty two sections by Prince Zhaoming which based on translation by Kumarajiva. Second section is the Gāta of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Yefu. Third section is the explain of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Hamhue. Fourth section is the comment of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Yongsung.
The second work of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra is Sangyeok - gwahae - Vajra - Sūtra. Through this work of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra is Sangyeok - gwahae - Vajra - Sūtra, Yongsung dilated upon that forty one subject. Forty one subject were summarized by four groups or eight groups. Before everything, four groups are concrete concepts. First is appearances and Bodys. Second is viewpoints and blessings. Third is no-attachment and equality. And forth is faiths.
The third work of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra is Shinyeok - daejangkyeong. This consists of three parts, preface, the body of text and circulation of text. Out of three parts the body of text was from the translation by Kumarajiva, and thirty two sections by Prince Zhaoming. But Yongsung has divided one hundred eleven sections by himself and commented on each sections. In these one hundred eleven comment was made of pure korean language. And Yongsung interpreted the name of thirty two sections. And Yongsung emphasized the importance of two thoughts, one is the emptiness of self, the other is the emptiness of all existence.
Bongam translated one time which Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra by Kumarajiva. That is Gumgang-banya-baramil-gyeong discourse(金剛般若波羅蜜經講義) This consists of two parts, preface and the body of text. The body of text consists of 32 sections by Prince Zhaoming(昭明太子). And all 32 sections are three parts : first is interpretation of Sūtra, second is comment of words and phrase, third is detailed explanation of Sūtra paragraph. And Bongam interpreted the name of thirty two sections. And Bongam emphasized the importance of two thoughts, one is the emptiness of self, the other is the emptiness of all existence.
And the two translations Yongsung & Bongam were interpretation about the theme, construction and thoughts etcs of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra. Theses explanatory notes are very useful for understand of Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra.

참고자료

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