대한민국 건국기의 정부형태와 운영에 관한 연구: ‘대통령 권한의 통제’에 관한 논쟁을 중심으로 (A Study of the Form and Operation of Government in the Founding Era of the Republic of Korea: Controversy on the Control of Presidential Power)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국정치학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국정치학회보 / 35권 / 1호 / 83 ~ 104페이지
· 저자명 : 서희경

초록

본 논문은 대한민국 건국기(1948. 5. 31 - 12. 19)에 어떠한 정부형태(form of government)를 선택할 것인가, 그리고 그것을 실제로 어떻게 운영(operation of government)할 것인가를 둘러싼 제헌국회의 정치적 ‘논쟁’을 고찰하고 있다. 민주주의라는 낯선 정치체제를 수용한 신생 대한민국은, 헌법상의 민주주의 원리와 실제적인 정치현실의 괴리로 인해 커다란 곤경에 직면했다. 특히 정부형태 및 운영의 문제는 정치세력들 사이에 첨예한 갈등을 야기시켰다. 가장 핵심적인 문제는 ‘대통령의 권력’을 어떻게 견제할 것인가였다. 이 문제는 오늘날까지 현대 한국정치에서 가장 핵심적인 사안 중 하나이기도 하다.
이 논문은, 정부형태와 운영을 둘러싸고 제헌국회와 정부 사이에 야기된 정치적 갈등과 대결을 분석함으로써, 한국 자유민주주의가 권위주의 정치로 변모해가는 초기 발생과정을 탐구하고자 하였다.

영어초록

This study examines the political controversy of the Constitutional Assembly about the form and operation of government in the founding era of the Republic of Korea. The newborn Republic of Korea accepted an unfamiliar democracy and faced huge difficulties in bridging the gap between democratic principles and political reality. Particularly the form and operation of government caused a confusion among political powers. The most critical issue was how to check and control the power of president. This is also one of the important issues in present day Korean politics. Thus this thesis dealt with the controversy and debate of the Constitutional Assembly to check and restrain presidential power.
Studies about the politics in the founding era of ROK in the field of political science and law have paid little attention to the establishment and operation of the Constitution. There are two reasons. First, political scientists have considered the study of the Constitution not helpful for analysing the real political process because there was a lack of a true relationship between the forms of government in the Constitution and their real operation. Second, scientists of law have dealt with the Constitution with a view of pure law. For example, they were interested in which provisions would be more congruent with democratic principles. As a result, scholars have overlooked the "political aspect" — the product of political agreement or struggle — of the establishment and operation of the Constitution. This thesis attempts to fill in the void left by these scholars. That is, it focuses on revealing that politics in the founding era was not only the process of competition of power or the symposium of ideology, but the process of comprehensive political struggle and reflection. It was the political struggle between Rhee Syngman and Hanmindang to occupy the most advantageous position and an argument about which constitution would more properly reflect political reality. This study intends to analyze the changing political process of Korean liberal democracy and authoritarianism by looking at the conflict and controversy between Constitutional Assembly legislators and Rhee Syngman on the form and operation of government.

참고자료

· 없음