淸代 江蘇省 江陰縣의 抗淸守城史 정리 양상 ― ‘우리 고장 역사 정리 작업’의 한 사례 ― (The arrangement of the resist movement against the Qing by Jiangyin people — A case study on ‘the arrangement of the historical event occurred at our county’ in Qing dynasty —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 161호 / 299 ~ 343페이지
· 저자명 : 이준갑

초록

This paper is a study that how gentry and literati from Jiangyin county(江陰縣) and nearby areas recorded the battle of Jiangyin county and the victims that occurred during the Ming-Qing transition times in terms of the arrangement of the historical event occurred at our county.
In Jiangyin county where the castle fell after an 81-day battle against the Qing dynasty and all 100,000 residents were slaughtered by the Qing army, unusually, gentry and literati from Jiangyin county and nearby areas kept records of anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin throughout the Qing dynasty. The gentry recognized that it was their mission and responsibility to reveal the loyalty of the Jiangyin people, who lost 100,000 lives while participating in the battle against the Qing dynasty to protect their unwavering principles of man and loyalty to Ming dynasty.
Gentry and literati recorded the history of anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin through their writings. Writings are divided into two areas : a day by day chronological records and biographies of the leaders of the battle. A day by day chronological record recorded the course of the battle of Jiangyin. In it, gentry and literati emphasized hostility toward the Qing army, criticism of the Han Chinese who plundered Jiangyin, the theory of heaven that gave the justification of the anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin. The gentry and literati emphasized that all the Jiangyin people participated in the anti-Manchu battle.
Officials and gentries in Jiangyin also continued to compile the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) three times, organizing it’s official position on the history of anti-Manchu battle. In order not to reveal Qing Dynasty's memories of the Battle of Jiangyin, the amount of records of the anti-Manchu battle was greatly reduced in Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1683. But the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1744, contains a wealth of matters related to anti-Manchu battle of Jiangyin.
In November of the 40th year of Qianlong(1775), the Emperor Qianlong ordered a commendation by revealing the deeds of the victims during the conquest of Qing. When the Qing Dynasty took the lead in awarding the victims, the number of victims who recorded in the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1840 was increased to 130.
The commendation was also carried out in the way of the shrine. In the 13th year of Yongzheng(1735), the magistrate of Jiangyin county built a shrine for Chenmingyu(陳明遇) along with shrine for Yanyingyuan(閻應元) at the request of the gentries. In 1775, the two shrines received official approval from the Qing Dynasty. In the 21st year of Jiaqing (1816), the shrine for three person was established, which was combined with Fenghoudun(馮厚敦). In the 7th year of Daogwang (1827), 138 people were enshrined in the shrine for the loyalist and the righteous (忠義祠) with the permission of the emperor.
The commendation of the Jiangyin victims was a consistent flow through the arrangement of the historical event occurred at our county Jiangyin. Whether it is a personal work of a gentry and a literati, Jiangyinxianzhi, or a shrine, the ultimate purpose of it was to express Jiangyin people’s death and sacrifice not as treason against Qing Dynasty, but as loyalty or purity to Ming Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty, which was at its peak during Qianlong reign, acknowledged that the resistance of Han Chinese in Ming-Qing transition was not an act of treason against them, but a righteous act of loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. And now, Qing dynasty wanted to establish himself as a loyal subject for Han Chinese.

영어초록

This paper is a study that how gentry and literati from Jiangyin county(江陰縣) and nearby areas recorded the battle of Jiangyin county and the victims that occurred during the Ming-Qing transition times in terms of the arrangement of the historical event occurred at our county.
In Jiangyin county where the castle fell after an 81-day battle against the Qing dynasty and all 100,000 residents were slaughtered by the Qing army, unusually, gentry and literati from Jiangyin county and nearby areas kept records of anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin throughout the Qing dynasty. The gentry recognized that it was their mission and responsibility to reveal the loyalty of the Jiangyin people, who lost 100,000 lives while participating in the battle against the Qing dynasty to protect their unwavering principles of man and loyalty to Ming dynasty.
Gentry and literati recorded the history of anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin through their writings. Writings are divided into two areas : a day by day chronological records and biographies of the leaders of the battle. A day by day chronological record recorded the course of the battle of Jiangyin. In it, gentry and literati emphasized hostility toward the Qing army, criticism of the Han Chinese who plundered Jiangyin, the theory of heaven that gave the justification of the anti-Manchu battle at Jiangyin. The gentry and literati emphasized that all the Jiangyin people participated in the anti-Manchu battle.
Officials and gentries in Jiangyin also continued to compile the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) three times, organizing it’s official position on the history of anti-Manchu battle. In order not to reveal Qing Dynasty's memories of the Battle of Jiangyin, the amount of records of the anti-Manchu battle was greatly reduced in Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1683. But the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1744, contains a wealth of matters related to anti-Manchu battle of Jiangyin.
In November of the 40th year of Qianlong(1775), the Emperor Qianlong ordered a commendation by revealing the deeds of the victims during the conquest of Qing. When the Qing Dynasty took the lead in awarding the victims, the number of victims who recorded in the Jiangyinxianzhi(江陰縣志) compiled in 1840 was increased to 130.
The commendation was also carried out in the way of the shrine. In the 13th year of Yongzheng(1735), the magistrate of Jiangyin county built a shrine for Chenmingyu(陳明遇) along with shrine for Yanyingyuan(閻應元) at the request of the gentries. In 1775, the two shrines received official approval from the Qing Dynasty. In the 21st year of Jiaqing (1816), the shrine for three person was established, which was combined with Fenghoudun(馮厚敦). In the 7th year of Daogwang (1827), 138 people were enshrined in the shrine for the loyalist and the righteous (忠義祠) with the permission of the emperor.
The commendation of the Jiangyin victims was a consistent flow through the arrangement of the historical event occurred at our county Jiangyin. Whether it is a personal work of a gentry and a literati, Jiangyinxianzhi, or a shrine, the ultimate purpose of it was to express Jiangyin people’s death and sacrifice not as treason against Qing Dynasty, but as loyalty or purity to Ming Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty, which was at its peak during Qianlong reign, acknowledged that the resistance of Han Chinese in Ming-Qing transition was not an act of treason against them, but a righteous act of loyalty to the Ming Dynasty. And now, Qing dynasty wanted to establish himself as a loyal subject for Han Chinese.

참고자료

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