‘피의 강물’ 연설을 통해 본 이녹 파올 (Enoch Powell)의 인종주의 (Analyzing Racism in Enoch Powell and the ‘Rivers of Blood’ Speech)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 70호 / 159 ~ 194페이지
· 저자명 : 정영주

초록

This paper analyzes Enoch Powell’s speeches, writings and other relevant materials with regard to migration, aiming at the much neglected question of racism in Powell. Enoch Powell was an influential Conversative politician who served as a Member of Parliament between 1950 and 1987. He is one of the 100 greatest Britons in history in accordance with a nationwide survey undertaken by the BBC in 2002. However, the 9.11 terror attack and 7.7 London bombings put Powell’s name under the spotlight once again after the ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech in 1968. After the underground bombings, the British pay attentions to Powell who had expressed his doubts on British migration and racial relations policies, and warned the ill-effects that the uncontrolled migration may bring to the host society in the future. Powell regarded British multi-cultural policy as a non-sense set out by utter ignorance and unfounded arrogance. He strongly argued for tight restrictions on migration, and financial subsidies for repatriation to lessen the scale of migration.
This paper undertakes a close examination of Powell’s arguments with regard to migration, and of various responses, particularly those from the working class residing in the East London, the recipient of various diasporas in history. Powell strongly denies racism. Therefore, the author examines various possibilities that might have motivated him to become an active opponent to migration, especially from the Indian sub-continent including the East Africans, and the Caribbeans. His responsibilities as an MP and the visit to the United States of America are also taken into account. However, these analysis hardly answer the ultimate question of the paper. Thus, the author turns to the context of the speeches.
My findings suggest that, first of all, Powell’s argument that if the migrants were ‘undistinguishable’ from the British, they could be acceptable despite their racial differences clearly disguises racism, and at the same time deceives himself and the migrants and the British altogether. Secondly, Powell’s attitude towards the migrants seems to be worse than mere racism due to his political influence. Whether intended or not, he boosts racism in Britain while many British tried to eliminate it from their society through public education and legislation. Last but not the least, the multi-racial Britain is now facing communal conflicts between the migrant societies with the new entries of the Eastern European and Balkan states into the European Union of which result has been strongly felt in the British employment market due to the recent economic recession. The author urges that it is time for the British to learn from the mistakes made in the 1960s and 70s under the strong racist sentiment caused by Enoch Powell, and to embrace all races and cultures present in Britain with a genuine sense of hospitality.

영어초록

This paper analyzes Enoch Powell’s speeches, writings and other relevant materials with regard to migration, aiming at the much neglected question of racism in Powell. Enoch Powell was an influential Conversative politician who served as a Member of Parliament between 1950 and 1987. He is one of the 100 greatest Britons in history in accordance with a nationwide survey undertaken by the BBC in 2002. However, the 9.11 terror attack and 7.7 London bombings put Powell’s name under the spotlight once again after the ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech in 1968. After the underground bombings, the British pay attentions to Powell who had expressed his doubts on British migration and racial relations policies, and warned the ill-effects that the uncontrolled migration may bring to the host society in the future. Powell regarded British multi-cultural policy as a non-sense set out by utter ignorance and unfounded arrogance. He strongly argued for tight restrictions on migration, and financial subsidies for repatriation to lessen the scale of migration.
This paper undertakes a close examination of Powell’s arguments with regard to migration, and of various responses, particularly those from the working class residing in the East London, the recipient of various diasporas in history. Powell strongly denies racism. Therefore, the author examines various possibilities that might have motivated him to become an active opponent to migration, especially from the Indian sub-continent including the East Africans, and the Caribbeans. His responsibilities as an MP and the visit to the United States of America are also taken into account. However, these analysis hardly answer the ultimate question of the paper. Thus, the author turns to the context of the speeches.
My findings suggest that, first of all, Powell’s argument that if the migrants were ‘undistinguishable’ from the British, they could be acceptable despite their racial differences clearly disguises racism, and at the same time deceives himself and the migrants and the British altogether. Secondly, Powell’s attitude towards the migrants seems to be worse than mere racism due to his political influence. Whether intended or not, he boosts racism in Britain while many British tried to eliminate it from their society through public education and legislation. Last but not the least, the multi-racial Britain is now facing communal conflicts between the migrant societies with the new entries of the Eastern European and Balkan states into the European Union of which result has been strongly felt in the British employment market due to the recent economic recession. The author urges that it is time for the British to learn from the mistakes made in the 1960s and 70s under the strong racist sentiment caused by Enoch Powell, and to embrace all races and cultures present in Britain with a genuine sense of hospitality.

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