검안을 통해 본 한말 산송의 일단 (Mountain Lawsuits[山訟] in the ending days of Joseon, examined through Geom’an(檢案, Autopsy reports) materials)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고문서학회
· 수록지 정보 : 古文書硏究 / 50권 / 27 ~ 50페이지
· 저자명 : 심재우

초록

이 글은 서울대학교 규장각에 소장된 檢案 가운데 山訟이 원인이 되어 일어난 인명 사건을 분석하고 그 의미를 살펴보았다. 기존의 산송에 관한 연구는 所志, 民狀置簿冊을 활용하였으므로 본고는 자료의 확장이라는 측면에서 의의를 둘 수 있다.
먼저 19세기 수령의 법 집행 지침서의 성격을 지닌 『律例要覽』을 분석하여 산송이 조선후기 크게 확대되었고, 산송이 물리적 충돌, 형사 분쟁으로 비화하며 큰 사회문제가 되었음을 지적하였다. 구체적으로 『율례요람』에는 모두 228개 조문 가운데 산송 관련 조문이 17개가 등장하였다.
다음으로 산송 관련 검안 16종을 분석한 결과 산림 소유권 관련 다툼이 5건이었고, 그 나머지 11건은 묘지 다툼이었다. 즉 산림 이용 문제보다는 직접적인 묘지 분쟁이 극렬한 다툼으로 이어져 살인·자살을 불러온 경우가 더 많았다. 그리고 묘지 다툼의 사례는 크게 偸葬·禁葬, 私掘, 伐喪 등으로 분류할 수 있었다.
마지막으로 유일한 자살 사건인 충청도 청안군 서면 檢案의 내용을 상세하게 살펴보았다. 동 사건은 묘소의 私掘 문제가 발단이 되어 아들이 감옥에 가게 되자 이를 비관한 부친이 연못에 투신한 사건이다. 이 사건을 통해 산송 처리의 지침이 되는 법규의 혼선을 비롯한 조선후기 산송 관련 문제점이 한말에 이르기까지 제대로 해소되지 못하고 있음을 재확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

Examined in this article are Geom’an(檢案) materials(autopsy reports) which are currently in custody of Seoul National University’s Kyujanggak Archives and contain cases that were involved in the so-called “Mountain Lawsuits[山訟]” cases. All these cases, in which human lives were put at stake, are carefully analyzed and evaluated. Prior studies of Mountain lawsuits mostly utilized Soji(所志) petitions or the Minjang Chibu-chaek(民狀置簿冊) documents, so this study tried to expand the range of materials that could be consulted, and as a result a rather new type of record was employed.
First, Yul’rye Yoram(律例要覽), which was a law enforcement guidebook for the 19th century local prefects, was examined to determine that Mountain lawsuits were frequently filed and processed during the latter half period of Joseon, and that they were becoming quite a social problem as these lawsuits were usually escalating into physical conflicts and penal confrontations. There are total of 228 clauses inside Yul’rye Yoram, and 17 of them are related to Mountain lawsuits.
Secondly, 16 types of Geom’an materials that were directly related to Mountain lawsuits were examined, and the results show that there were five conflicts over the ownership of the mountain, and eleven conflicts over the graves themselves. In most cases, the usage of the mountain was rather not the issue, and establishing a grave or burial site there was the primary cause of conflict that led to extreme clashes of interests and culminated in either murders or suicides. Cases were instigated by a variety of reasons: unauthorized burial(Tujang, 偸葬) or banning of a burial(Geumjang, 禁葬), private digging(of a grave, Sagul, 私掘) and lynching people for unauthorized burials(Beolsang, 伐喪), etc.
And finally, the Geom’an material of a case that took place in Chungcheong-do province’s Cheong’an-gun Seo-myeon area, which was actually the only suicide case, was more meticulously evaluated. In this case, a private digging led to a lawsuit, and when a son was implicated and imprisoned, his frustrated father threw himself to a lawn. Through this case, we can see that all kinds of Mountain lawsuit-related problems, including insufficient and incorrect legal guidelines, of the Joseon period’s latter half were never properly addressed even during the ending days of Joseon.

참고자료

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