요양보호사의 직무환경이 소진에 미치는 영향

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 21세기사회복지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 21세기사회복지연구 / 10권 / 1호
· 저자명 : 강대훈, 홍석자

목차

I. 서 론
Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
Ⅲ. 연구방법
Ⅳ. 연구결과
Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언

초록

본 연구는 노인요양시설에 종사하는 요양보호사의 직무환경과 소진의 정도를 파악하고 직무환경의 발생요인 중 조직풍토, 역할특성, 보상체계의 적절성이 소진에 미치는 영향을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2011년 11월 5일부터 11월 20일까지 약 2주에 걸쳐 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구결과는 요양보호사의 정서적 고갈의 감소를 위해서는 적당한 수준의 목표의 기술 및 성과나 책임이 중요하며, 성취감 저하의 감소를 위해서는 목표의 기술 및 성과, 일체감, 책임의 증가와 적당한 수준의 조직구조가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 요양보호사의 비인간화의 감소를 위해서는 승진기회, 휴무 적정성, 고용 안정성이 중요한 성취감 저하의 감소를 위해서는 임금수준 적정성, 휴무 적정성이 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the working
conditions of health caretakers working at sanatoriums for seniors and the levels of their exhaustion; and second, to demonstrate the relationships the working atmosphere, role characteristics, and fairness of the reward system
bear to the health caretakers’exhaustion. To this end, this study has
conducted a survey involving caretakers working at sanatoriums for seniors in
Incheon, South Korea. The survey took place over a period of two weeks,
from November 5 through November 20, 2011. Atotal of 250 copies of the
questionnaire were distributed to 23 sanatoriums (including convalescent
institutions and common family homes) in Incheon, and 232 were collected.
Excluding the ten incomplete copies, a total of 222 copies were used in the
analysis. The data collected from the questionnaire were coded and cleaned
and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.
17.0.
The findings are as follows:
First, an analysis of whether the health caretakers’demographic
characteristics bore any significant influence on their working environment
and atmosphere showed that gender was a statistically significant variable in
terms of the overall organizational atmosphere, as well as in such sub-factors
as the willingness to take risks, the levels of targets and achievements, tolerance of conflicts, the sense of unity, and the sense of responsibility
(p<.05). Women were relatively more willing to take and share the risks, set
higher targets and achieved more, were more tolerant of conflicts, and had
greater senses of unity and responsibility than their male counterparts.
Second, an analysis of whether the health caretakers’demographic
characteristics bore any significant influence on their role characteristics
showed that gender was again a statistically significant variable in terms of
such sub-factors of role characteristics as ambiguity and role conflicts (p<.05).
Men, in other words, were more aware of the ambiguity of their roles than
their female counterparts, while they also experienced less role conflict than
their female counterparts.
Third, a technical statistical analysis of the overall reward system for the
health caretakers showed that ‘education and training’ (M=2.95) was the
highest-scoring factor, followed by ‘the opportunity for promotion’
(M=2.86), ‘job security’ (M=2.61), ‘the fairness of monetary rewards’
(M=2.55), ‘the fairness of vacations’(M=2.52), and ‘social recognition’
(M=1.40). The overall reward system scored 2.53 points on average.
Fourth, a technical statistical analysis of the health caretakers’ exhaustion
showed that ‘mental exhaustion’ (M=3.37) was the highest-scoring factor,
followed by ‘objectification’ (M-3.06) and ‘the declining sense of
fulfillment’(M=3.04). The health caretakers reported a level of exhaustion
scoring 3.18 points on average.
Fifth, an analysis of the causal relations among the variables and their
relations to the caretakers’ working environment and exhaustion showed
that the explicatory power of the regression model was 10.8%, and that the
regression formula retained statistical significance (F=4.831, p<.001). The
independent variables, such as the targets and achievements of the
sanatoriums and the responsibilities required of caretakers, were found to
bear a positive relationship to their mental exhaustion (p<.01).
This study suggests that, in order to reduce the levels of mental
exhaustion that health caretakers experience, it is of paramount importance to set appropriate targets and levels of achievements or responsibilities
required of them. In order to prevent the decline in the sense of fulfillment
or achievement in these caretakers, it is also important to increase the
targets, achievements, and senses of unity and responsibility, supported by a
good organizational structure as well as fair rewards and vacations. Lastly, in
order to decrease the objectification that health caretakers experience, it is
necessary to ensure good opportunities for promotion, provide appropriate and
fair vacations, and enhance job security.

참고자료

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